MANUSCRIPT STYLE GUIDECONTENTS Manuscript Components
MANUSCRIPT COMPONENTSFront MatterCertain items in the front matter must be created and supplied in electronic format by author. These items include
Back Matter Components include
References or Endnotes These notes should be grouped by chapter and placed at the end of each chapter. Number the notes in order of chapter appearance and make every reference item has a callout in the text. Footnotes PennWell style does not allow for footnote references or comments. References should be placed at the end of the chapter, and additional comments should be worked into the applicable text. Page Numbers Manuscript pages must be numbered, either consecutively throughout manuscript or at least within each chapter. If numbering within chapter, include chapter number when numbering (3-1, 3-2, 3-3, etc.). If electronic formatting will not allow required pagination, then number a hardcopy by hand.
MANUSCRIPT FORMATSPage Formats
Hardcopy Art Formats If it is necessary to have PennWell scan the camera-ready artwork from hardcopies, the following formats are acceptable:
Note: Samples of hardcopy and/or electronic art should be submitted with the book proposal for design review, to avoid incompatibilities after the manuscript has been developed. PennWell reserves the right to determine if art is of acceptable format or quality for publication. If you would like to discuss art requirements with our designers in advance, ask your managing editor to arrange contact. Chapter Heads and Subheads In contents and chapter heads, chapters should be identified with numbers only, in Arabic numeral form (for example, not Chapter One but simply "1."). Heads should be formatted as follows:
Contents page should include only chapter or component titles plus A and B subheads (B subheads are optional, but use no subheads below B level). In manuscript organization, it is important that heads and subheads are used consistently and in order. In other words, a C head should never be used unless preceded by A and B heads in the organization. If you find yourself skipping levels in organizations, chances you need to rethink the organization (again, moving to a list format rather than subhead). Lists Bulleted and numbered lists should always be indented equal to paragraph indentions. Numbers are aligned on the periods that follow them. Leave two spaces between bullet (or period) and text. Runover lines should be aligned with text, not wrapped around underneath numbers or bullets. For example:
List items only need closing periods when they are complete sentences. Lists consisting of incomplete sentences require no closing commas, periods, or semicolons. Figures, Tables, and Captions Electronic files. Figures (or photos), tables, and their corresponding captions should be kept in a file separate from the text files. Do not embed your electronic figures in the text-the page designer will make those placements at the design stage. If the author wants to instruct on approximate figure placement, simply include a bracketed insertion note in all caps as follows: [INSERT FIG. 2-7 HERE]. Callouts. Figure numbers should always be "called out" in the text. This text reference allows the designer some latitude for optimal page design. If there is room to place the art immediately following the reference, it will be placed there. But if page design or art size restricts the placement to another location or page, the text callout will insure a proper connection with the text for the reader. For example: Like a forward contract, a futures contract costs the seller almost nothing. The transaction fee costs about three cents per barrel, but the seller is required to sacrifice his upside price potential in exchange for elimination of downside price risk (Fig. 2-3).[The author should include the text callouts in the manuscript to insure that references are made with the most appropriate sentence or paragraph. Do not depend on the copyedit for placement of callouts] Use Figure/table number in file name for proper identification. If captions are also included in the figure file, make sure they are not placed within the framework of the figure. Figure and Table captions should all be provided in a separate list from the text (Art/Caption list), numbered in order of their manuscript appearance. The captions in the art list do not have to correspond exactly with the captions under the figures. If a figure contains an extremely long or unwieldy caption it should be shortened for the art list. Numbering. Figures and tables should be numbered by chapter and then by order of placement in the chapter (the third figure in chapter 1 will be designated Figure 1–3, and so on). When referencing a specific figure number in the text, the word Figure should always be capitalized and should be spelled out except in parenthetical references (Fig. 1–3). The word Table is capitalized, but never abbreviated. (COPYEDITOR: Both figure and table numbers should be separated by an en-dash-not a hyphen). Figure captions. Figure captions should be located at the bottom of the figure, with the caption flush left to the figure margin. The caption starts with the Figure number and continues with caption text in upstyle, with additional lines wrapping to the left figure margin if necessary. Unless there is additional descriptive text following the caption, there is no period at the end of the caption. Abbreviate the word Figure to Fig. in the caption and use an en-dash, not a hyphen, in the number. For example: Fig. 1–3 Form of Water Molecule AggregatesTable captions. Although numbered and referenced in the same manner as figure captions, table captions are placed two lines above the table, with the caption flush left to the table margin. Legends. Sometimes a legend is required to give more information about the figure. A legend is an explanation consisting of one or more sentences (on a map, the legend is the key to the symbols used—something quite different from what is described here). In contemporary practice the legend is now commonly run in behind the caption in downstyle. For example: Fig. 1–3 A Group of Artifacts from Site 3. In all these objects the high degree of finish and the aesthetic appeal are notable. Equations An equation and its expressions should be clearly set it out from the text. The equation itself is centered, with the equation number set flush right on the next line. Expressions are aligned below the equation in a block indention, table alignment, as follows:
whereAs with Lists, equation expressions are punctuated in open form. Unlike Tables and Figures, Equation numbers will always use a period (not en-dash) to delineate between chapter and equation number (3.16). The word "Equation" is capitalized in text and abbreviated to "Eq." in parenthetical references. In mathematical copy, letter symbols, including superscripts and subscripts, should all be italicized unless marked otherwise. This applies to both the equations themselves and in variable references within text. Make sure all superscripts and subscripts are properly sized, placed, and formatted. Quotations In the body of the text, a quotation of four lines in length or more should be set out in indented block format (left and right indent), italicized, with no quotation marks surrounding it. Quotations of less than four lines may remain in the paragraph in roman face with quotation marks. In an italicized block quotation, a book title or other name that would normally be italicized to stand out from roman face should be set in roman face to stand out against the italics. When a quotation is used to open a chapter, it should be formatted as a centered block indention in italics. The author's name should follow on a separate line from the quote, flush right in the indention in Roman face. Numbers There is no such thing as "over" in a numeric quantity. An author has more than 20 years experience, a field may contain more than 30 wells, but they will never be over those numbers. Over is used for an object that is above another object. Numbers should be spelled out only up to nine (PennWell style—not CMS). Beginning with number 10 use Arabic numerals. The only exceptions to this rule are
There are 5 graduate students in the philosophy department, 56 in the classics department, and 117 in the romance languages department, making a total of 178 students in the three departments.Note in the example that numbers in the same context (sentence or paragraph) but representing different categories may be treated differently. Reference Notes PennWell style places reference endnotes at the end of each chapter rather than as footnotes or book endnotes. Make sure your references include all necessary article, journal, and book titles, author names, names of publishers or publishing societies, and dates. Reference note numbers within the text should be placed at the end of the applicable sentence or paragraph (not in the middle). Place reference number superscript immediately after the final sentence period. For example: Like a forward contract, a futures contract costs the seller almost nothing. The transaction fee costs about three cents per barrel, but the seller is required to sacrifice his upside price potential in exchange for elimination of downside price risk.5 |